{"id":2321,"date":"2024-05-28T12:04:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T11:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/10hecocomms.com\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2024-11-05T15:41:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T14:41:48","slug":"offsets-and-credits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/fr\/offsets-and-credits\/","title":{"rendered":"Offsets &#038; credits. A good idea or a cover up?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2321\" class=\"elementor elementor-2321\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1bf34e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e1bf34e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8942f34 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8942f34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Blog-4_offsetting_final-pic-1024x631.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2336\" alt=\"Offsets &amp; credits. A good idea or a cover up?\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Blog-4_offsetting_final-pic-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Blog-4_offsetting_final-pic-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Blog-4_offsetting_final-pic-768x474.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eco-rose.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Blog-4_offsetting_final-pic.jpg 1411w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Photo by Shyam Mishra on Unsplash.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52021e2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52021e2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df49185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df49185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>I\u2019d like that chocolate bar, please.<\/b><\/h3><p>Now that\u2019s what I craved. Ah it\u2019s finished, whoops the plastic wrapper flew out of my hands. But that\u2019s okay, I\u2019ll give 50 cents to someone who is litter-picking.\u00a0<\/p><p>I am out of milk. I\u2019ll quickly drive my car down to the local shop. I could have walked, but it\u2019s late. I\u2019ll just give a euro to a carbon sequestering project.<\/p><p>Easy. My lifestyle habits are cancelled-out.<\/p><p>Welcome to offsets and credits.\u00a0<\/p><p>This blog article explores offsetting of different types, why it\u2019s popular but why, in my opinion, it\u2019s not a solution to help fight climate change.<\/p><p>Enjoy the read\u2026<\/p><h3><b>Offsetting vs. credits<\/b><\/h3><p>Credits:<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Where corporates can buy and sell credits because of a pollutant i.e. carbon and plastic that they produce<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Compliance market, government regulated<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Companies are given an allowance of the pollutant<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">If a company is close to reaching the cap it can buy more credits. If it is below, it can sell excess credits<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Companies are fined if they go above<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Governments can also trade credits<\/li><\/ul><p>Offsets:<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Open market, voluntary participation<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Open to everyone: companies and individuals\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Give money to offset pollution<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Money goes into an eco-project of choice from restoration to conservation to green research and tech development<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Standards and auditing are needed, but this is not straightforward<\/li><\/ul><p>So, offsets and credits are built on a similar idea: money for pollution, where one is compulsory and the other voluntary.<\/p><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/coorest.io\/difference-between-carbon-credits-and-carbon-offsets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Coorest<\/a><\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/australiainstitute.org.au\/post\/carbon-credits-and-offsets-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Australia Institute<\/a><\/span>)<\/p><h3><b>\ud83d\udca1So, what exactly is offset?<\/b><\/h3><p>There are three main types of offsets and credits: carbon, plastic and biodiversity.<\/p><p>Let\u2019s look at each of them in detail.<\/p><h3><b>\ud83d\udc49Carbon offsetting &#8211; our well-known friend (or foe?)<\/b><\/h3><p><strong>Au programme ?<\/strong> Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions:<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Carbon dioxide (CO2) = 75% of global GHG emissions. It stays in the atmosphere for hundreds of years. Main source: burning fossil fuels<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Methane (CH4) = 18% of global GHG emissions. It\u2019s powerful and a ground-level pollutant (it warms the planet faster than CO2) but it has a short lifespan of around 12 years. Main source: from livestock<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Have a read of my article on <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/rosanna-bueler-667b981_methane-emissions-ghg-activity-7166806358334337024-uK-n?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn &#8211; methane<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Nitrous oxide (N2O) = 4% of global GHG emissions. Main source: agricultural (soil) practices<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) = 2% of global GHG emissions. Main source: industrial processes and cooling systems<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">\ud83d\udca1HFC is the less harmful version of the infamous CFC that destroys the ozone layer (banned globally in 2010 &#8211; or supposedly!)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">And a few other gases<\/li><\/ul><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/global-greenhouse-gas-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA<\/a><\/span> &amp; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg3\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SPM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPCC<\/a><\/span> based on emissions to and including 2019)<\/p><p><strong>Introduced?<\/strong> In 1997 The Kyoto Protocol was the first official emissions trading and carbon offset mechanism, introduced at COP 3. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">(<a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.carbonbrief.org\/carbon-offsets-2023\/timeline.html\" rel=\"noopener\">CarbonBrief<\/a>)<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Measurement?<\/strong> 1 metric tonne of CO2.<\/p><p><strong>Projects?<\/strong> Examples include reforestation, mangrove restoration, mechanical carbon removal.<\/p><h3><b>\ud83d\udc49Plastic offsetting &#8211; gaining popularity<\/b><\/h3><p><strong>Au programme ?<\/strong> Companies will pay others to recover plastic to become &#8216;plastic neutral&#8217;. The offsets are mostly for businesses that produce and use plastics. But individuals are offsetting too.<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Did you know that 380 tonnes of plastic is produced every year, and almost half of that is for single-use purposes? Check out my article on <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/rosanna-bueler-667b981_plasticoffsetting-activity-7195016997569458177-3DF6?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=member_desktop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LinkedIn &#8211; plastics<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Introduced?<\/strong> Late 2017.<\/p><p><strong>Measurement?<\/strong> It started with tokens issued by the Blockchain Development Company. Now measurements are per kilogram. (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edie.net\/blockchain-start-up-unveils-plastic-offset-scheme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edie<\/a><\/span>)<\/p><p><strong>Projects?<\/strong> Focus on plastic recovery &#8211; mainly clean-up projects (land and sea) and some recycling.<\/p><h3><b>\ud83d\udc49Biodiversity offsetting &#8211; this goes back decades before formal systems<\/b><\/h3><p>Let\u2019s be clear. People should never destroy ecosystems.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>What is biodiversity offsetting exactly?<\/strong> Projects that cause biodiversity loss can offset some losses. But with this comes a warning: there are limits with biodiversity offsetting. It can never compensate i.e. extinction of species.\ud83d\ude22<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">The Biodiversity Credit Alliance (BCA) &#8211; guides the private sector to invest in biodiversity as just as possible<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Biodiversity offsetting aims for \u2018nature positive\u2019 and a \u2018net gain\u2019 of biodiversity. But:<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Real gain is uncertain, and the gain is not immediate (growth needs time)<\/li><li aria-level=\"2\">It\u2019s hard to calculate and compare like-for-like<\/li><li aria-level=\"2\">The offsets depend on transparency and third-party scrutiny<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Offsetting should be a last resource. Any development\/farming\/other large-scale project should have built-in \u2018environmental management\u2019<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Steps follow: Avoid I Minimise I Restore I Offset I Net gain = the mitigation hierarchy<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebiodiversityconsultancy.com\/our-work\/our-expertise\/strategy\/biodiversity-offsets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Biodiversity Consultancy<\/a><\/span> &amp; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nespthreatenedspecies.edu.au\/the-ins-and-outs-of-biodiversity-offsetting-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NESP, Australia<\/a><\/span>)<\/p><h6><strong>Introduced?<\/strong><\/h6><p>Australia was the first country to officially introduce a Nature Vegetation Framework in 2002 where nature credits could be bought to offset woodland clearings.<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">But informally, this goes back to the 1970s, when a handful of large-scale projects acknowledged that compensation for nature loss had to be given\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">From the 1970s onwards nature Acts were also put in place<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Measurement?<\/strong> Difficult to measure and different approaches are used.<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">In 2010 Treweek et al. suggested a formula: Area3 x Condition x Distinctiveness<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Other scoring systems are based on a score per green space, or a football-pitch area that is managed for X number of years, or environment improvement after X years<\/li><\/ul><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebiodiversityconsultancy.com\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Biodiversity-Offset-Case-Study-Bardon.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Case Study: Helen Temple et al, 2010<\/a><\/span> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/334348484_Creating_conservation_values_under_DEFRA's_biodiversity_offsetting_pilot_and_the_pragmatics_of_using_a_calculative_device\/link\/61f148548d338833e396a44b\/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Louise Carver and Sian Sullivan, 2018<\/span>)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Projects?<\/strong> This depends on different things, including the extent and location of biodiversity loss. An example is the restoration of the Tondwa Game Management Area in Zambia.<\/p><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/biodiversity-credits-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WRI<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/climate.ec.europa.eu\/eu-action\/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">EC<\/span><\/a>,<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitycreditalliance.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BCA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/emissions-by-sector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Our World in Data<\/a><\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ghgemissions\/global-greenhouse-gas-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPA<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebiodiversityconsultancy.com\/our-work\/our-expertise\/strategy\/biodiversity-offsets\/#:~:text=Biodiversity%20offsets%20are%20measurable%20conservation,a%20net%20gain%20of%20biodiversity.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Biodiversity Consultancy<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.offsetguide.org\/understanding-carbon-offsets\/what-is-a-carbon-offset\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Offset Guide<\/span><\/a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/nature\/our-flagship-initiatives\/biodiversity-credit-alliance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNDP<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.carbonbrief.org\/carbon-offsets-2023\/biodiversity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Carbon Brief<\/span><\/a>)<\/p><h3><b>\u26a0\ufe0fProblems with credit and offsetting systems<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">\ud83d\udce2There is no overall reduction of harm &#8211; true sustainability isn\u2019t incentivised when a company can buy\/trade credits and offset its harm<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">It\u2019s a temporary workaround that averts the problem but does not address it<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Corporates are interested in balance sheets, so they counterbalance emissions to continue as usual<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Gives rise to greenwashing &#8211; companies can play with offsetting for green credentials<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Offsetting is often overestimated, and misleading marketing text is used<\/li><li aria-level=\"2\">Certain formal offsetting practices are not green, e.g. burning plastic = more carbon. But certain third-party certifiers are allowing this because of lack of recycling facilities<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">There is a worry that offsetting will disengage governments to act and invest<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">When it comes to plastic offsetting the official terminology is \u2018recovery\u2019. This means picking it up. Then what? A very low percentage of plastic waste is actually recycled and most plastic can only be recycled once or twice\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Third-party credit\/offsetting platforms are under scrutiny for lacking rigour<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">The Verified Carbon Standard (Verra) is the largest carbon offsets certifier (some Verra projects are open to the compliance credit market). But problems have come up with its verification standards<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Carbon offsets have found to be \u201cworthless\u201d as described by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jan\/18\/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/a> in a huge investigation into Verra and the offsetting systems (in early 2023)<ul><li aria-level=\"3\">The Guardian based its report on two scientific research investigations (and it worked together with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/2023\/04\/co2-zertifikate-betrug-emissionshandel-klimaschutz?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Die Zeit<\/span><\/a> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.source-material.org\/vercompanies-carbon-offsetting-claims-inflated-methodologies-flawed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SourceMaterial<\/a><\/span>). It found that the majority of offsetting projects \u201cshould not have been approved\u201d.\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"3\">Verra\u2019s main offsetting projects are in rainforest areas, but deforestation reduction was found to be low<\/li><li aria-level=\"3\">Verra has counter-argued this. Discrepancies remain\u2026<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Third parties struggle to effectively monitor. There is a lack of transparency and missing information<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Out of the loop &#8211; companies don&#8217;t necessarily know what is happening with their money\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">The rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities are not always respected<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Although the carbon offset platform by UNDP claims that its main aim is to collaborate with people on the ground<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>(Sources: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/biodiversity-credits-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">WRI<\/span><\/a>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/verra.org\/programs\/verified-carbon-standard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verra<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jan\/18\/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">,<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.carbonbrief.org\/carbon-offsets-2023\/biodiversity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Carbon Brief<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/nature\/our-flagship-initiatives\/biodiversity-credit-alliance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">UNDP<\/span><\/a>)<\/p><h3><b>\ud83d\ude4cThere are always real solutions<\/b><\/h3><p>First and foremost: reductions. Phase-out and stop producing pollutants and stop harming nature. So, what is needed?<\/p><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">New mindset: what are the ways that projects can work around and with nature?<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Promote the Biodiversity Plan<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">Biodiversity Day was held on 22 May 2024 to raise awareness that we need a biodiverse world where ecosystems can thrive. This year, support is needed to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework = the Biodiversity Plan that includes goals to reach by 2050<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Focus on research, funding and support into alternatives: fuels, materials and techniques<\/li><\/ul><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">Create and educate about circular economies to keep each element in use for as long as possible throughout a product life-cycle<ul><li aria-level=\"2\">If not longer usable &#8211; what parts\/ingredients\/material can be extracted?\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"2\">Recycle through robust systems\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">Large corporates should be more actively and genuinely involved. Research, talk, visit, plan and execute justly<\/li><\/ul><h3><b>\ud83d\udc49Do offsets and credits have a place?<\/b><\/h3><ul><li aria-level=\"1\">They can be used as a transition, like a phase-out with a time limit &#8211; even some offsetting schemes say that this is an \u201cinterim solution\u201d\u00a0<\/li><li aria-level=\"1\">A company should work with a scheme that matches the industry that the company works in e.g. an airline is better off investing into renewable fuels, and a food outlet into new farming techniques, and a clothing retailer into sustainable fibres<\/li><\/ul><p>(Sources: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/biodiversity-day\/take-action\/2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Convention on Biological Diversity<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/capturing-the-climate-change-mitigation#:~:text=The%20circular%20economy%20is%20an,the%20challenge%20of%20quantifying%20impacts.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> EEA<\/span>)<\/a><\/p><p>We can all help when we find ourselves in a similar chocolate bar\/car situation to think of a green alternative first.<\/p><p>See you at the next chapter! <b>\ud83d\ude4c<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo by Shyam Mishra on Unsplash. I\u2019d like that chocolate bar, please. Now that\u2019s what I craved. Ah it\u2019s finished, whoops the plastic wrapper flew out of my hands. But that\u2019s okay, I\u2019ll give 50 cents to someone who is litter-picking.\u00a0 I am out of milk. I\u2019ll quickly drive my car down to the local [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,20,18,10,6,8,19],"tags":[49,14,13,15,17,16],"class_list":["post-2321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biodiversity","category-biodiversity-offsetting","category-carbon-credit","category-climate-solutions","category-eco-science","category-net-zero","category-offsetting","tag-blog","tag-carbon-credits","tag-carbon-offsetting","tag-carbon-pollution","tag-nature-biodiversity","tag-plastic-pollution","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Offsets &amp; credits<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article is about offsets and credits and what this means. 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I\u2019d like that chocolate bar, please. Now that\u2019s what I craved. Ah it\u2019s finished, whoops the plastic wrapper flew out of my hands. But that\u2019s okay, I\u2019ll give 50 cents to someone who is litter-picking.\u00a0 I am out of milk. 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